Full Bootstrap Tutorial
Bootstrap is a popular open-source front-end development framework that is used to create responsive and mobile-first websites and web applications. It provides a set of pre-defined classes, components, and JavaScript plugins that can be used to create a wide range of layouts, forms, tables, buttons, navigation, and other types of web elements.
Here's a full tutorial on how to use Bootstrap to create a responsive website:
- Install Bootstrap: To start using Bootstrap, you need to include the Bootstrap CSS and JavaScript files in your HTML document. You can either download the files from the Bootstrap website or include them from a Content Delivery Network (CDN).
- Set up your HTML structure: Bootstrap uses a 12-column grid system, which means that each row is divided into 12 equal-width columns. To create a grid layout, you can use the .container or .container-fluid class to create a container and the .row class to create a row.
- Create columns: Within each row, you can create columns using the .col-* classes. The * in the .col-* class represents the number of columns that the element should span. For example, .col-6 will create a column that spans 6 columns out of the 12 available columns in the row.
- Add content to columns: You can add any type of HTML content to your columns, such as text, images, videos, forms, and more.
- Use Bootstrap's pre-defined classes: Bootstrap provides a set of pre-defined classes for creating various types of web elements, such as forms,
Bootstrap version difference.
Bootstrap has released several versions throughout its development, each with its own set of changes and improvements. Some of the key differences between the versions include:
Bootstrap 3: This version was released in 2013 and is based on a 12-column grid system. It introduced a mobile-first design approach and included a number of new features such as a new set of CSS classes, a new navigation bar, and improved typography.
Bootstrap 4: This version was released in 2018 and brought a number of changes and improvements over Bootstrap 3. It introduced a new grid system based on Flexbox, which improved the flexibility and alignment of the layout. It also introduced a new set of CSS classes, and a revamped navigation bar, and improved typography.
Bootstrap 5: This version was released in 2021, which brings some changes and improvements over Bootstrap 4. It removed support for Internet Explorer and some other older browsers, moved from px to rem and em units, also improved accessibility by updating the typography, form controls, and spacing utilities. It also added some new features like custom forms, built-in icons, and more.
So, each version of Bootstrap brings new features and improvements over the previous version, while also maintaining backwards compatibility, so it's easy to upgrade to a newer version without having to re-write your entire codebase.
Bootstrap Containers.
In Bootstrap, a container is a responsive HTML element that is used to center and contain the layout of a webpage. There are two types of containers in Bootstrap:
- Fixed-width container: This container has a fixed width, which means that the layout of the webpage will be contained within a fixed width regardless of the screen size.
- Fluid container: This container has a fluid width, which means that the layout of the webpage will automatically adjust to the screen size.
By default, Bootstrap uses a fluid container, which means that it will automatically adjust to the screen size and provide a responsive layout. However, you can also use a fixed-width container if you prefer a fixed layout. To use a fixed-width container, you can use the CSS class .container-fluid, and for fluid container you can use .container.
Additionally, Bootstrap provides responsive classes to adjust the layout of the containers on different screen sizes. For example, you can use the .container-sm, .container-md, .container-lg, and .container-xl classes to adjust the container width on small, medium, large, and extra-large screens respectively.
Bootstrap Colors.
Bootstrap provides a set of predefined color classes that can be used to change the color of text, background, and other elements on a webpage. These classes are based on the Bootstrap's color palette, which includes a range of shades of gray, primary, secondary and success, info, warning and danger.
Some of the color classes in Bootstrap include:
- Text color classes: These classes can be used to change the color of text, such as .text-primary, .text-secondary, .text-success, .text-info, .text-warning, and .text-danger.
- Background color classes: These classes can be used to change the background color of elements, such as .bg-primary, .bg-secondary, .bg-success, .bg-info, .bg-warning, and .bg-danger.
- Border color classes: These classes can be used to change the color of the border of an element, such as .border-primary, .border-secondary, .border-success, .border-info, .border-warning, and .border-danger.
You can also create your custom color classes, by defining them in your CSS file and use them in the same way as the predefined classes.
Additionally, Bootstrap also provides a set of utility classes for quickly setting the text, background and border color. These classes have the format of .text-{color}, .bg-{color} and .border-{color} where {color} is the name of the color.
Bootstrap Text Colors.
Bootstrap provides a set of predefined text color classes that can be used to change the color of text on a webpage. These classes are based on the Bootstrap's color palette and are designed to be used with Bootstrap's default text styling.
Some of the text color classes in Bootstrap include:
- .text-primary: This class sets the text color to the primary color defined in the Bootstrap's CSS variables.
- .text-secondary: This class sets the text color to the secondary color defined in the Bootstrap's CSS variables.
- .text-success: This class sets the text color to green, which is typically used to indicate success or a positive action.
- .text-info: This class sets the text color to light blue, which is typically used to provide information or context.
- .text-warning: This class sets the text color to orange, which is typically used to indicate a warning or potential problem.
- .text-danger: This class sets the text color to red, which is typically used to indicate an error or danger.
- .text-light: This class sets the text color to a light gray, which is typically used to indicate low-emphasis text.
- .text-dark: This class sets the text color to a dark gray, which is typically used to indicate high-emphasis text.
Additionally, Bootstrap also provides a set of utility classes for quickly setting the text color. These classes have the format of .text-{color} where {color} is the name of the color.
Bootstrap Columns.
In Bootstrap, a column is a horizontal element of a grid layout that is used to divide a row into multiple sections. Bootstrap uses a 12-column grid system, which means that each row is divided into 12 equal-width columns.
To create a grid layout in Bootstrap, you can use the .row class to create a row, and then use the .col-* classes to create columns within that row. The * in the .col-* class represents the number of columns that the element should span. For example, .col-6 will create a column that spans 6 columns out of the 12 available columns in the row.
You can also use classes like .col-sm-*, .col-md-*, .col-lg-*, .col-xl-* to specify the number of columns a column should span on different screen sizes.
Bootstrap also provides a set of responsive classes to adjust the layout of the columns on different screen sizes. For example, you can use the .col-sm-*, .col-md-*, .col-lg-*, and .col-xl-* classes to adjust the number of columns a column should span on small, medium, large, and extra-large screens respectively.
You can also use classes like .offset-* classes to add empty space between columns. Additionally, Bootstrap provides classes like .d-none, .d-sm-block, .d-md-block, .d-lg-block, .d-xl-block to hide or show columns on different screen sizes.
It's also possible to nest columns within columns to create more complex layouts.
Responsive Columns.
Responsive columns in Bootstrap are columns that automatically adjust to the screen size of the device they are being viewed on. Bootstrap uses a 12-column grid system, which means that each row is divided into 12 equal-width columns. By default, all columns will automatically adjust their widths to fit the available space on the screen, ensuring that the layout is optimized for different screen sizes.
Bootstrap provides a set of responsive classes to adjust the layout of the columns on different screen sizes. For example, you can use the .col-sm-*, .col-md-*, .col-lg-*, and .col-xl-* classes to adjust the number of columns a column should span on small, medium, large, and extra-large screens respectively.
For example, if you have a row with three columns, and you want the first column to take up 4 columns on small screens, 6 columns on medium screens, and 8 columns on large screens, you can use the following classes:
This will make the first column take up 4 columns on small screens, 6 columns on medium screens, and 8 columns on large screens, while the second and the third column will take 4 columns on large screens and 6 columns on medium screens.
In addition, Bootstrap also provides a set of responsive classes to hide or show columns on different screen sizes, such as .d-none, .d-sm-block, .d-md-block, .d-lg-block, .d-xl-block.
By using these responsive classes, you can create a layout that adjusts to the screen size of the device it is being viewed on, providing an optimal viewing experience for the users.
Bootstrap Tables.
Bootstrap provides a set of classes that can be used to create tables with a consistent look and feel. These classes are based on the Bootstrap's default table styling and can be used to create tables with a clean and professional appearance.
To create a table in Bootstrap, you can use the <table> element and apply Bootstrap's classes to the various elements within the table.
Some of the key classes for creating tables in Bootstrap include:
- table: This class is applied to the <table> element to apply Bootstrap's default table styling.
- .table-striped: This class is applied to the <table> element to create a striped effect for the table rows.
- .table-bordered: This class is applied to the <table> element to add borders to the table and table cells.
- .table-hover: This class is applied to the <table> element to enable a hover effect for the table rows.
- .table-sm: This class is applied to the <table> element to make the table cells and text smaller.
- .thead-light: This class is applied to the <thead> element to change the background color of the table header row.
- .thead-dark: This class is applied to the <thead> element to change the background color of the table header row.
You can also use classes like .text-* and .bg-* to change the text and background color of the table cells.
Additionally, you can also use classes like .text-nowrap to prevent text wrapping and make the table cells to remain in a single line.
It's also possible to create responsive tables by using the classes .table-responsive, .table-responsive-sm, .table-responsive-md, .table-responsive-lg, and .table-responsive-xl on the <div> element that wraps the table.
Bootstrap Alerts.
Bootstrap provides a set of classes that can be used to create alerts, which are used to display important messages to the user. Alerts can be used to inform the user of success, warning, or error messages, and can be easily dismissed by the user.
To create an alert in Bootstrap, you can use the <div> element with the class .alert and one of Bootstrap's contextual classes such as .alert-success, .alert-danger, .alert-warning, .alert-info to indicate the type of message.
For example, to create a success alert, you can use the following code:
Bootstrap also provides classes like .alert-link which can be used to style the links inside the alert.
Additionally, Bootstrap provides classes like .fade, .show and .alert-dismissible which can be used to control the visibility and animation of the alerts.
With Bootstrap alerts, you can easily add contextually relevant feedback to your user with minimal effort, making it a useful tool to enhance the user experience of your website or application.
Bootstrap Buttons.
Bootstrap provides a set of classes that can be used to create buttons with a consistent look and feel. These classes are designed to be used with Bootstrap's default button styling and can be used to create buttons with a clean and professional appearance.
To create a button in Bootstrap, you can use the <button> or <a> element and apply Bootstrap's classes to it.
Some of the key classes for creating buttons in Bootstrap include:
- .btn: This class is applied to the <button> or <a> element to apply Bootstrap's default button styling.
- .btn-primary: This class is applied to the <button> or <a> element to create a primary button with a blue background.
- .btn-secondary: This class is applied to the <button> or <a> element to create a secondary button with a gray background.
- .btn-success: This class is applied to the <button> or <a> element to create a success button with a green background.
- .btn-danger: This class is applied to the <button> or <a> element to create a danger button with a red background.
- .btn-warning: This class is applied to the <button> or <a> element to create a warning button with an orange background.
- .btn-info: This class is applied to the <button> or <a> element to create an info button with a light blue background.
- .btn-link: This class is applied to the <a> element to create a link-style button with no background and underline.
You can also use classes like .btn-lg, .btn-sm, .btn-block to adjust the size and display of the buttons.
Additionally, Bootstrap provides classes like .disabled to disable the button and .active to indicate the active state of the button.
With Bootstrap buttons, you can easily create visually consistent and professional-looking buttons that enhance the user experience of your website or application.
Bootstrap Cards.
Bootstrap provides a set of classes that can be used to create cards, which are used to display content in a flexible and organized manner. Cards are often used to group together related pieces of content and can be used to display images, text, and other types of content.
To create a card in Bootstrap, you can use the <div> element with the class .card and add the different elements within it to create the card layout.
For example, to create a card with an image, a title, and a description, you can use the following code:
This will create a card with an image, a title, and a description.
Bootstrap also provides classes like .card-header, .card-footer and .card-group to create different parts of the card, and classes like .card-img-overlay to overlay text on an image.
Additionally, Bootstrap provides classes like .card-link for links inside the card, .card-text for the card's text and .card-title for the card's title.
You can also use classes like .card-deck, `.card-columns
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